I will present about Ayutthaya Kingdom
The kingdom of Ayutthaya (Thai) was a Thai kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767. King Ramathibodi I (Uthong) founded Ayutthaya as the capital of his kingdom in 1350 and absorbed Sukhothai, 640 km to the north, in 1376. Over the next four centuries the kingdom expanded to become the nation of Siam, whose borders were roughly those of modern Thailand, except for the north, the Kingdom of Lannathai. Ayutthaya was friendly towards foreign traders, including the Chinese, Indians, Japanese and Persians, and later the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, British and French, permitting them to set up villages outside the city walls. The court of King Narai (1656-1688) had strong links with that of King Louis XIV of France, whose ambassadors compared the city in size and wealth to Paris.
2.Historical overview
Buddha head overgrown by fig tree in Wat Mahatat, Ayutthaya historical park
The Siamese state based at Ayutthaya in the valley of the Chao Phraya River grew from the earlier kingdom of Lopburi, which it absorbed, and its rise continued the steady shift southwards of the centre of gravity of the Tai-speaking peoples. U Thong was an adventurer allegedly descended from a rich Chinese merchant family who married royalty. In 1350, to escape the threat of an epidemic, he moved his court south into the rich floodplain of the Chao Phraya. On an island in the river he founded a new capital, which he called Ayutthaya, after Ayodhya in northern India, the city of the hero Rama in the Hindu epic Ramayana. U Thong assumed the royal name of Ramathibodi (1350-69).
Ramathibodi tried to unify his kingdom. In 1360 he declared Theravada Buddhism the official religion of Ayutthaya and brought members of a sangha, a Buddhist monastic community, from Ceylon to establish new religious orders and spread the faith among his subjects. He also compiled a legal code, based on the Indian Dharmashastra (a Hindu legal text) and Thai custom, which became the basis of royal legislation. Composed in Pali -- an Indo-Aryan language closely related to Sanskrit and the language of the Theravada Buddhist scriptures -- it had the force of divine injunction. Supplemented by royal decrees, Ramathibodi's legal code remained generally in force until the late nineteenth century.
By the end of the fourteenth century, Ayutthaya was regarded as the strongest power in southeast Asia, but it lacked the manpower to dominate the region. In the last year of his reign, Ramathibodi had seized Angkor during what was to be the first of many successful Thai assaults on the Khmer capital. The policy was aimed at securing Ayutthaya's eastern frontier by preempting Vietnamese designs on Khmer territory. The weakened Khmer periodically submitted to Ayutthaya's suzerainty, but efforts to maintain control over Angkor were repeatedly frustrated. Thai troops were frequently diverted to suppress rebellions in Sukhothai or to campaign against Chiang Mai, where Ayutthaya's expansion was tenaciously resisted. Eventually Ayutthaya subdued the territory that had belonged to Sukhothai, and the year after Ramathibodi died, his kingdom was recognized by the emperor of China's newly established Ming Dynasty as Sukhothai's rightful successor.
The Thai kingdom was not a single, unified state but rather a patchwork of self-governing principalities and tributary provinces owing allegiance to the king of Ayutthaya under the mandala system. These states were ruled by members of the royal family of Ayutthaya who had their own armies and warred among themselves. The king had to be vigilant to prevent royal princes from combining against him or allying with Ayutthaya's enemies. Whenever the succession was in dispute, princely governors gathered their forces and moved on the capital to press their claims.
During much of the fifteenth century Ayutthaya's energies were directed toward the Malay Peninsula, where the great trading port of Malacca contested its claims to sovereignty. Malacca and other Malay states south of Tambralinga had become Muslim early in the century, and thereafter Islam served as a symbol of Malay solidarity against the Thais. Although it failed to make a vassal state of Malacca, Ayutthaya continued to control the lucrative trade on the isthmus, which attracted Chinese traders of specialty goods for the luxury markets of China.
Ruins of the old city, Ayutthaya, after the Burmese invasion.
In 1767, Burma invaded Siam, totally destroying Ayutthaya and ending the era of the proud nation of Siam. It was one of many invasions throughout the history of Siam, from neighboring Burma, which was the mightiest of all in South East Asia at the time
3.List of rulers of Ayutthaya
Uthong Dynasty (first reign)
Ramathibodi I or Uthong (formerly Prince Uthong) 1350-1369
Ramesuan 1369-1370 (abdicated)
Suphannaphum Dynasty (first reign)
Borommaracha I (Pa-ngua) 1370-1388
Thong Chan 1388
Uthong Dynasty (second reign)
Ramesuan 1388-1395 (restored)
Ramaratcha 1395-1409
Suphannaphum Dynasty (second reign)
Inthararatcha 1409-1424
Borommaratcha II (Samphraya) 1424-1448
Boromtrailokanat 1448-1488
Borommaratcha III (Inthararatcha II) 1488-1491
Ramathibodi II (1491-1529)
Borommaratcha IV 1529-1533
Ratsada 1533; child king
Chairacha 1534-1546
Yotfa (joint regent 1546-1548); child king & Queen Si Sudachan
Worawongsa 1548
Chakkraphat (ruled 1548-1568) & Queen Suriyothai (d.1548)
Mahin 1568-1569
Sukhothai Dynasty
Maha Thammaracha (Sanpet I) 1569-1590
Naresuan the Great (Sanpet II) 1590-1605
Ekathotsarot (Sanpet III) 1605-1610
Si Saowaphak (Sanpet IV) 1610-1611
Songtham (Intharacha) 1611-1628
Chethha 1628-1629
Atitthayawong 1629; child but titled Somdet Phra
Prasat Thong Dynasty
Prasat Thong (Sanpet V) 1630-1655
Chai (Sanpet VI) 1655
Suthammaracha (Sanpet VII) 1655
Narai the Great 1656-1688
Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty
Petratcha 1688-1703
Süa (Sanpet VIII, also known as Luang Sorasak or 'The Tiger King') 1703-1709
Phumintharacha (Sanpet IX, Thai Sa) 1709-1733
Boromakot (Boromarachathirat III) 1733-1758
Uthumpon (Boromarachathirat IV) 1758
Suriyamarin or Ekkathat (Boromarachathirat V) 1758-1767
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
I wii present about profile "The king Of Thailand"
1.Early life
Bhumibol was born at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts located in the United States, the youngest son of Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkhla and son of King Chulalongkorn, and Mom Sangwal (later Somdej Phra Sri Nakarindhara Boromaratchachonnani). At the time of his birth, he was known in Thailand as Phra Worawongse Ther Phra Ong Chao Bhumibol Adulyadej (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าภูมิพลอดุลยเดช), reflecting the fact that his mother was a commoner.[4] Had he been born just a few years earlier, before his uncle King Prajadhipok passed a law allowing children of a prince and a commoner to be called Phra Ong Chao (a prince of a lesser status than Chao Fa), he would have been called Mom Chao (the most junior class of the Thai princes), similar to his older brother and sister.[5]
Bhumibol was brought back to Thailand in 1928, after Prince Mahidol obtaining a certificate from Public Health Program at Harvard University. After primary schooling at the Mater Dei school in Bangkok, he left with the rest of his family in 1933 for Switzerland, where he continued his secondary education at the École Nouvelle de la Suisse Romande in Chailly-sur-Lausanne, and received the baccalauréat de lettres (high-school diploma with major in French literature, Latin, and Greek) from the Gymnase classique cantonal of Lausanne. He was studying science at the University of Lausanne when his elder brother, Phra Ong Chao Ananda Mahidol, was crowned King of Thailand. King Ananda Mahidol then elevated his brother and sister to the Chao Fa status, the most senior class of the Thai princes and princesses, in 1935. They came to Thailand briefly in 1938, but returned to Switzerland for further study, where they stayed until 1945
2.Succession and marriage
Bhumibol ascended to the throne following the death of his brother, Ananda Mahidol, on June 9, 1946. Ananda Mahidol's death resulted from a gunshot to the head while he was in his bedroom in the Baromphiman Palace in the Grand Palace, under circumstances that to this day remain a mystery.[7] Bhumibol then returned to Switzerland in order to complete his education, and his uncle, Rangsit, Prince of Chainat, was appointed Prince Regent. Bhumibol switched over his field of study to law and political science in order to prepare himself more effectively for his new position as ruler.
While finishing his degree in Switzerland, Bhumibol visited Paris frequently. It was in Paris that he first met a first cousin once removed, Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara, daughter of the Thai ambassador to France.[8] He was 21, and she was 15. Bhumibol became a regular visitor to the ambassador's residence.
On October 4, 1948, while Bhumibol was driving a Fiat Topolino on the Geneva-Lausanne highway, he collided into the rear of a braking truck 10 km outside of Lausanne. He hurt his back and incurred cuts on his face that cost him sight in his right eye.[9][10][11] While he was hospitalized in Lausanne, Sirikit visited him frequently. She met Bhumibol's mother, who asked her to continue her studies nearby so that Bhumibol could get to know her better. Bhumibol selected for her a boarding school in Lausanne, Riante Rive. A quiet engagement in Lausanne followed on July 19, 1949, and the couple were married on April 28, 1950, just a week before his coronation.
Bhumibol and his wife Queen Sirikit have four children:
(Formerly HRH) Princess Ubol Ratana, born April 5, 1951 in Lausanne, Switzerland;
HRH Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, born July 28, 1952;
HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, born April 2, 1955;
HRH Princess Chulabhorn Walailak, born July 4, 1957.
One of Bhumibol's grandchildren, Bhumi Jensen (also known as Khun Poom), was killed in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. He was the son of Princess Ubol Ratana.
1.Early life
Bhumibol was born at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts located in the United States, the youngest son of Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkhla and son of King Chulalongkorn, and Mom Sangwal (later Somdej Phra Sri Nakarindhara Boromaratchachonnani). At the time of his birth, he was known in Thailand as Phra Worawongse Ther Phra Ong Chao Bhumibol Adulyadej (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าภูมิพลอดุลยเดช), reflecting the fact that his mother was a commoner.[4] Had he been born just a few years earlier, before his uncle King Prajadhipok passed a law allowing children of a prince and a commoner to be called Phra Ong Chao (a prince of a lesser status than Chao Fa), he would have been called Mom Chao (the most junior class of the Thai princes), similar to his older brother and sister.[5]
Bhumibol was brought back to Thailand in 1928, after Prince Mahidol obtaining a certificate from Public Health Program at Harvard University. After primary schooling at the Mater Dei school in Bangkok, he left with the rest of his family in 1933 for Switzerland, where he continued his secondary education at the École Nouvelle de la Suisse Romande in Chailly-sur-Lausanne, and received the baccalauréat de lettres (high-school diploma with major in French literature, Latin, and Greek) from the Gymnase classique cantonal of Lausanne. He was studying science at the University of Lausanne when his elder brother, Phra Ong Chao Ananda Mahidol, was crowned King of Thailand. King Ananda Mahidol then elevated his brother and sister to the Chao Fa status, the most senior class of the Thai princes and princesses, in 1935. They came to Thailand briefly in 1938, but returned to Switzerland for further study, where they stayed until 1945
2.Succession and marriage
Bhumibol ascended to the throne following the death of his brother, Ananda Mahidol, on June 9, 1946. Ananda Mahidol's death resulted from a gunshot to the head while he was in his bedroom in the Baromphiman Palace in the Grand Palace, under circumstances that to this day remain a mystery.[7] Bhumibol then returned to Switzerland in order to complete his education, and his uncle, Rangsit, Prince of Chainat, was appointed Prince Regent. Bhumibol switched over his field of study to law and political science in order to prepare himself more effectively for his new position as ruler.
While finishing his degree in Switzerland, Bhumibol visited Paris frequently. It was in Paris that he first met a first cousin once removed, Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara, daughter of the Thai ambassador to France.[8] He was 21, and she was 15. Bhumibol became a regular visitor to the ambassador's residence.
On October 4, 1948, while Bhumibol was driving a Fiat Topolino on the Geneva-Lausanne highway, he collided into the rear of a braking truck 10 km outside of Lausanne. He hurt his back and incurred cuts on his face that cost him sight in his right eye.[9][10][11] While he was hospitalized in Lausanne, Sirikit visited him frequently. She met Bhumibol's mother, who asked her to continue her studies nearby so that Bhumibol could get to know her better. Bhumibol selected for her a boarding school in Lausanne, Riante Rive. A quiet engagement in Lausanne followed on July 19, 1949, and the couple were married on April 28, 1950, just a week before his coronation.
Bhumibol and his wife Queen Sirikit have four children:
(Formerly HRH) Princess Ubol Ratana, born April 5, 1951 in Lausanne, Switzerland;
HRH Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, born July 28, 1952;
HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, born April 2, 1955;
HRH Princess Chulabhorn Walailak, born July 4, 1957.
One of Bhumibol's grandchildren, Bhumi Jensen (also known as Khun Poom), was killed in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. He was the son of Princess Ubol Ratana.
I will present Royal Projects "The King Of Thailand"
1.Introduction
Projects Undertaken Through the Initiative of His Majesty the King.
Over the part thirty years, His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej has contributed greatly to the wellbeing of Thai people as demonstrated by the numerous royal-initiated projects in the country.
Realizing that each locality differs, in terms of geographical features, lifestyles and traditions, His Majesty the King reached the conclusion that development in each area would only be successful if carried out to suit local conditions.
Hitherto, royal-initiated projects were launched based upon the concept of helping to improve and develop the quality of life, education and occupations of the people, with the main objective is to bring happiness and improve the wellbeing of the people.
His Majesty the King initiated research programs, adopting new techniques in various fields relating to career promotion, environmental development and watershed conservation. These techniques have been tested and developed to make i easy for people to put them into practice. Such benefaction on the part of His Majesty the King boosted the morale of his subjects.
2.Contact with the People.
His Majesty the King obtains knowledge about local conditions and problems from the people themselves and, after consulting with the officials concerned, devises the best courses of action to improve the conditions or solve the problems
Parallel to these foreign visits but infinitely more important and meaningful are the continual visits paid by Their Majesties to various parts of Thailand. His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has chosen this continual contact with the people to be the focal point of his Constitutional Kingship and the cornerstone of his Reign. Professional men and officials in the capital city of Bangkok, we have seen, Their Majesties could meet regularly in the course of performing their official functions, so they have made it a point to spend all available spare time between those functions and even most of their so-called holidays to pay visits to other kinds of people in the capital and in particular to visit people in the outlying districts throughout the length and breadth of the Kingdom.
These visits sometimes take the form of extended tours, originating with the one early on in his Reign to the North-Eastern region where the soil and the people are reputed to be the poorest. It was in fact the first time in the history of Thailand that a King made a visit to the North-East and it set the pattern for future extended tours to other parts of the country. Throughout the 20 days of the first tour, Their Majesties were most enthusiastically received. Everywhere they went, people turned up to greet them in hundreds of thousands, some of them having had to travel on foot over some of the most rugged terrain for two or three days in order to be in the spots to be visited by Their Majesties. Even though the pre-arranged programme was already quite crowded, yet Their Majesties spent longer than scheduled at all places of stop and even made extra stops between schedules to make real acquaintance with the people. The mere presence of the King meant for most of those people that for the first time the highest symbol of the nation became alive and was brought before them as a recognizable feature. The manner in which Their Majesties conducted themselves, giving their whole hearts and attentions to the people even at great physical discomfort such as taking luncheons and dinners in mid-afternoon and late at night, immediately linked the living symbol of the Nation to the people in a bond of mutual understanding and personal affection.
From the infrequent trips of modest beginning in the 1950’s, to-day, Their Majesties spend almost eight months out of a year in each of the four widely dispersed Royal Residences outside of Bangkok at Chiang Mai in the North, Sakon Nakhon in the North - East, Prachuap Khiri Khan in the Mid-South and Narathiwat in the Far-South. At each of these locations, His Majesty visits many remote villages--- in fact, he has been to every one of the 72 provinces which go to compose Thailand and becomes familiar with the needs of the people all over the country.
It is from these contacts that His Majesty learns at first hand, from the people themselves, of the local conditions and problems. He converses with the local inhabitants after having put them at their ease and thus learns from them the problems with which they are faced according to their thinking. After consulting further with the officials concerned, His Majesty would deduce his own conclusions of the problems, including the causes of the troubles and the possible methods to redress them. After his return or sometimes even on the spot, He would indicate what he has learnt to the members of the Government, requesting them to assist and give support to the people wherever feasible, The numerous projects which His Majesty has initiated in such manner could be roughly classified under the following categories : development of irrigation projects throughout the Kingdom, reforestation and watershed development as well as crop substitution for opium growing in the North, irrigation network and water conservation in the North-East, drainage and re-clamation in the South and land reform with co-operative farming in the Central Plains.
In conversation with the ordinary people His Majesty would emphasize to them the necessity of self-improvement, the importance of basic factors of life such as education and public health in order that at least the level of their general welfare could be improved. Year by year as these visits become more frequent and pro-longed, Their Majesties are still received everywhere with the same degree of enthusiastic welcome as when they started off about thirty years ago. It should also be added that, to-day, often when Their Majesties visit the people, they are accompanied by Their Royal Highnesses Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn and Princess Chulabhorn. But when Their Majesties are pre-occupied with other functions, sometimes either His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn or Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn will visit the people in their steads. Indeed, the personal bonds of understanding and affection between Their Majesties and their people never seem to cool but seem to grow all the time closer and stronger. Thus what King Bhumibol Adulyadej in his clear sightedness has set up to be the cornerstone of his Reign and his interpretation of the Thai Monarchy has turned out to be a tremendous success, making the influence of the Throne welcome and effective in all other areas of life some of which will be described in the following sections.
1.Introduction
Projects Undertaken Through the Initiative of His Majesty the King.
Over the part thirty years, His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej has contributed greatly to the wellbeing of Thai people as demonstrated by the numerous royal-initiated projects in the country.
Realizing that each locality differs, in terms of geographical features, lifestyles and traditions, His Majesty the King reached the conclusion that development in each area would only be successful if carried out to suit local conditions.
Hitherto, royal-initiated projects were launched based upon the concept of helping to improve and develop the quality of life, education and occupations of the people, with the main objective is to bring happiness and improve the wellbeing of the people.
His Majesty the King initiated research programs, adopting new techniques in various fields relating to career promotion, environmental development and watershed conservation. These techniques have been tested and developed to make i easy for people to put them into practice. Such benefaction on the part of His Majesty the King boosted the morale of his subjects.
2.Contact with the People.
His Majesty the King obtains knowledge about local conditions and problems from the people themselves and, after consulting with the officials concerned, devises the best courses of action to improve the conditions or solve the problems
Parallel to these foreign visits but infinitely more important and meaningful are the continual visits paid by Their Majesties to various parts of Thailand. His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has chosen this continual contact with the people to be the focal point of his Constitutional Kingship and the cornerstone of his Reign. Professional men and officials in the capital city of Bangkok, we have seen, Their Majesties could meet regularly in the course of performing their official functions, so they have made it a point to spend all available spare time between those functions and even most of their so-called holidays to pay visits to other kinds of people in the capital and in particular to visit people in the outlying districts throughout the length and breadth of the Kingdom.
These visits sometimes take the form of extended tours, originating with the one early on in his Reign to the North-Eastern region where the soil and the people are reputed to be the poorest. It was in fact the first time in the history of Thailand that a King made a visit to the North-East and it set the pattern for future extended tours to other parts of the country. Throughout the 20 days of the first tour, Their Majesties were most enthusiastically received. Everywhere they went, people turned up to greet them in hundreds of thousands, some of them having had to travel on foot over some of the most rugged terrain for two or three days in order to be in the spots to be visited by Their Majesties. Even though the pre-arranged programme was already quite crowded, yet Their Majesties spent longer than scheduled at all places of stop and even made extra stops between schedules to make real acquaintance with the people. The mere presence of the King meant for most of those people that for the first time the highest symbol of the nation became alive and was brought before them as a recognizable feature. The manner in which Their Majesties conducted themselves, giving their whole hearts and attentions to the people even at great physical discomfort such as taking luncheons and dinners in mid-afternoon and late at night, immediately linked the living symbol of the Nation to the people in a bond of mutual understanding and personal affection.
From the infrequent trips of modest beginning in the 1950’s, to-day, Their Majesties spend almost eight months out of a year in each of the four widely dispersed Royal Residences outside of Bangkok at Chiang Mai in the North, Sakon Nakhon in the North - East, Prachuap Khiri Khan in the Mid-South and Narathiwat in the Far-South. At each of these locations, His Majesty visits many remote villages--- in fact, he has been to every one of the 72 provinces which go to compose Thailand and becomes familiar with the needs of the people all over the country.
It is from these contacts that His Majesty learns at first hand, from the people themselves, of the local conditions and problems. He converses with the local inhabitants after having put them at their ease and thus learns from them the problems with which they are faced according to their thinking. After consulting further with the officials concerned, His Majesty would deduce his own conclusions of the problems, including the causes of the troubles and the possible methods to redress them. After his return or sometimes even on the spot, He would indicate what he has learnt to the members of the Government, requesting them to assist and give support to the people wherever feasible, The numerous projects which His Majesty has initiated in such manner could be roughly classified under the following categories : development of irrigation projects throughout the Kingdom, reforestation and watershed development as well as crop substitution for opium growing in the North, irrigation network and water conservation in the North-East, drainage and re-clamation in the South and land reform with co-operative farming in the Central Plains.
In conversation with the ordinary people His Majesty would emphasize to them the necessity of self-improvement, the importance of basic factors of life such as education and public health in order that at least the level of their general welfare could be improved. Year by year as these visits become more frequent and pro-longed, Their Majesties are still received everywhere with the same degree of enthusiastic welcome as when they started off about thirty years ago. It should also be added that, to-day, often when Their Majesties visit the people, they are accompanied by Their Royal Highnesses Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn and Princess Chulabhorn. But when Their Majesties are pre-occupied with other functions, sometimes either His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn or Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn will visit the people in their steads. Indeed, the personal bonds of understanding and affection between Their Majesties and their people never seem to cool but seem to grow all the time closer and stronger. Thus what King Bhumibol Adulyadej in his clear sightedness has set up to be the cornerstone of his Reign and his interpretation of the Thai Monarchy has turned out to be a tremendous success, making the influence of the Throne welcome and effective in all other areas of life some of which will be described in the following sections.
I will present about my car "Honda Accord 2000"
first..Introduction
Stylish look, roomy, well-designed interior, high-tech engines, excellent quality, and high resale value made the Honda Accord one of the top choices in the mid-size sedan segment. It's very reliable and dependable and easy to maintain.Available as a four-door sedan and two-door coupe Honda Accord offers three engine models:The 2.3-liter, four-cylinder engine with 135 horsepower,another four-cylinder, VTEC 2.3-liter engine with 150 horsepowerand the 3.0-liter, VTEC V6 engine with 200 horsepower. Inside the Honda Accord has plenty of room. Fit and finish is very good. Great visibility. The instrument panel is easy to read, user-friendly controls located exactly where you want them to be. Driver's seat is firm and supportive, the rear seat folds down for extra cargo room.Honda Accord offers good stable ride and excellent handling. The 4-cylinder engine is a bit noisy at acceleration.
2.The engine
The 1998-2002 Honda Accord offers three engine models:the 2.3-liter 4-cylinder 16-valves SOHC (Single OverHead Cam) engine with 135 hp, which might feel slightly underpowered but is very reliable.Best option, in my opinion, is another 4-cylinder engine -the 2.3-liter 16-valves SOHC VTEC engine with 150 hp and 152 lb.-ft. of torque. It's also very reliable and besides reasonable power also offers very good fuel economy:23/30 MPG or 10.2/7.8 liters per 100 km.The third engine is the 3.0-liter 24-valve V-6 VTEC with 200 hp and 195 lb.-ft. of torque. It offers impressive performance and smoother ride since it's heavier. Honda Accord engines are very reliable if properly maintained.
first..Introduction
Stylish look, roomy, well-designed interior, high-tech engines, excellent quality, and high resale value made the Honda Accord one of the top choices in the mid-size sedan segment. It's very reliable and dependable and easy to maintain.Available as a four-door sedan and two-door coupe Honda Accord offers three engine models:The 2.3-liter, four-cylinder engine with 135 horsepower,another four-cylinder, VTEC 2.3-liter engine with 150 horsepowerand the 3.0-liter, VTEC V6 engine with 200 horsepower. Inside the Honda Accord has plenty of room. Fit and finish is very good. Great visibility. The instrument panel is easy to read, user-friendly controls located exactly where you want them to be. Driver's seat is firm and supportive, the rear seat folds down for extra cargo room.Honda Accord offers good stable ride and excellent handling. The 4-cylinder engine is a bit noisy at acceleration.
2.The engine
The 1998-2002 Honda Accord offers three engine models:the 2.3-liter 4-cylinder 16-valves SOHC (Single OverHead Cam) engine with 135 hp, which might feel slightly underpowered but is very reliable.Best option, in my opinion, is another 4-cylinder engine -the 2.3-liter 16-valves SOHC VTEC engine with 150 hp and 152 lb.-ft. of torque. It's also very reliable and besides reasonable power also offers very good fuel economy:23/30 MPG or 10.2/7.8 liters per 100 km.The third engine is the 3.0-liter 24-valve V-6 VTEC with 200 hp and 195 lb.-ft. of torque. It offers impressive performance and smoother ride since it's heavier. Honda Accord engines are very reliable if properly maintained.
About 5 year ago I used to join in 20th world scout jambooree
I will present about 20th world scout jambooree in thailand
first about jambooree
Thailand, Land of Smiles, a country with richness in culture and nature, would like to extend warm invitation to all Scouts and leaders from the National Scout Organizations and members of WOSM to come to Thailand in 2003 for the 20th World Scout Jamboree. We will offer them good opportunity to experience for themselves the enchanted beauty of our land, our warm hospitality and friendliness, the exchange of different cultures and traditions to create peace, harmony and friendship in world brotherhood.
Share Our World, Share Our Culture
The Jamboree will be a great gathering event, providing an opportunity for 30,000 Scouts from all over the world to spend 12 days camping together and attend interesting actvities which will be designed for them in self-development and social responsibility within the framework of the educational Scout method. The Jamboree will foster the progress and unity of World Scout Movement to the next millenium and will also strongly link it to the Asian cultures which open up to modernity, both in terms of activities and method used in cheerful and friendly atmosphere
2. About Activities
The 20th World Scout Jamboree in Thailand will be an important event full of challenging and interesting activities for Scouts coming from all over the world. The activities are especially designed to offer non-formal education opportunities to cope with the world awareness for the youth in the next Millenium. Emphasis will be made on learning through activities which will enable young Scouts to gain, in particular, physical skills, scientific initiation and latest information technology, to be well aware of environment education, community development and to have an opportunity to a dialogue of culture.
Scouts will have an opportunity to learn about Thai culture and traditions. The exhibition of arts and cultures of the host nation and other Asian and Pacific countries will be on display during the period of the World Jamboree.
The Jamboree site is surrounded by many beautiful mountains and lakes as well as sandy beaches and a crystal clear sea. Water sports will be a main feature.
Outline of the Youth Programme
1. Home Hospitality
Scouts and International Service Team members will be offered a wide variety of home hospitality in collaboration with schools, institutions, families, private Scout camps and local Scout groups. The programme may take place 3-4 days prior to or after the date of the Jamboree.
2. Sub Camp Life
The Sub-Camp life will be the same as those in previous Jamborees. Importance will be given to the respect of environment, health and hygiene, security and safety of the participants.
Morning Activities
Evening Activities
Ongoing Activities
One-off sub camp Activities
3. Modules
The 20th World Scout Jamboree will provide a variety of activities as follows:
Global Development Village
Health
Environment
Human Rights
Peace and Intercultural Understanding
City of Science and Technology
Cross Roads Technology
Tournament
Our Heritage
A Day Serving in the Community
Hiking
Water Sports Activities
4. Free-Time Activities
Jamboree Peace Badge
Jamboree Environment Badge
Walk-in Activities
Zoo City
Entertainment
Jamboree Frequency/Amateur Radio
Internet
Scout Badge Exhibition
World Scout Jamboree Exhibition
Scout Philatelic Exhibition
National Exhibition
5. General Activities
Ceremonies and largescale events
Opening Ceremony
New Year Ceremony
Rally for Peace
Closing Ceremony
Religious Programme
Rites
Inter Religious Exhibitions
Media
Jamboree Newspapers
Jamboree Radio and TV
Young Correspondents
6. Programme Publications and Materials
Join-in Jamboree Material
Jamboree Kit
Participants' Handbook
Leaders' Manual
Education Material
Jamboree Bulletin
3.Location
The 20th World Scout Jamboree will take place at Sattahip located in Chonburi Province, 150 kms south of Bangkok, on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand. The area covers about 1,200 hectares and consists of flat plains, foothills and a long white sandy beach, gradually sloping down towards the crystal blue sea which is suitable for water-sports and outdoor activities.
These two shots show Sattahip town. You won't find much information in guide books as most of the area is owned by the Royal Thai Navy. However, many Bangkokians travel here for a long weekend for the quiet town-life and beautiful beaches. The jamboree site is about 10 kms east of the town.
We visited the Jamboree site for the first time in February 2000 with representatives from the World Scout Bureau. They haven't started clearing the site yet, though they are hoping to hold the next Pre-Jamboree Camp there in September 2000.
TRANSPORTATION: The trip from Bangkok International Airport (Don Muang Airport) to the Sattahip Jamboree site can easily be made by bus using the eight lanes Bangna-Trad express way to Chonburi-Bangsaen-Pattaya and Sattahip. The train station is opposite Don Muang Airport. There will be a special train service direct to Plu Taluang Station at Sattahip which is only 15 kms from the camp site. It is also possible to take a direct charter flight overseas to U-Tapao Airport, at only 15 kms from the camp site. Some contingents can travel or send their luggage/equipment by boat to the Laem Chabang deep sea port, also near the camp site.
FACILITIES: The convenient facilities such as supermarkets, cafeteria, post offices, souvenir shops, toilets, first-aid stations and modern hospital will be provided at the Jamboree. Hotel accommodation at moderate price is available nearby.
I will present about 20th world scout jambooree in thailand
first about jambooree
Thailand, Land of Smiles, a country with richness in culture and nature, would like to extend warm invitation to all Scouts and leaders from the National Scout Organizations and members of WOSM to come to Thailand in 2003 for the 20th World Scout Jamboree. We will offer them good opportunity to experience for themselves the enchanted beauty of our land, our warm hospitality and friendliness, the exchange of different cultures and traditions to create peace, harmony and friendship in world brotherhood.
Share Our World, Share Our Culture
The Jamboree will be a great gathering event, providing an opportunity for 30,000 Scouts from all over the world to spend 12 days camping together and attend interesting actvities which will be designed for them in self-development and social responsibility within the framework of the educational Scout method. The Jamboree will foster the progress and unity of World Scout Movement to the next millenium and will also strongly link it to the Asian cultures which open up to modernity, both in terms of activities and method used in cheerful and friendly atmosphere
2. About Activities
The 20th World Scout Jamboree in Thailand will be an important event full of challenging and interesting activities for Scouts coming from all over the world. The activities are especially designed to offer non-formal education opportunities to cope with the world awareness for the youth in the next Millenium. Emphasis will be made on learning through activities which will enable young Scouts to gain, in particular, physical skills, scientific initiation and latest information technology, to be well aware of environment education, community development and to have an opportunity to a dialogue of culture.
Scouts will have an opportunity to learn about Thai culture and traditions. The exhibition of arts and cultures of the host nation and other Asian and Pacific countries will be on display during the period of the World Jamboree.
The Jamboree site is surrounded by many beautiful mountains and lakes as well as sandy beaches and a crystal clear sea. Water sports will be a main feature.
Outline of the Youth Programme
1. Home Hospitality
Scouts and International Service Team members will be offered a wide variety of home hospitality in collaboration with schools, institutions, families, private Scout camps and local Scout groups. The programme may take place 3-4 days prior to or after the date of the Jamboree.
2. Sub Camp Life
The Sub-Camp life will be the same as those in previous Jamborees. Importance will be given to the respect of environment, health and hygiene, security and safety of the participants.
Morning Activities
Evening Activities
Ongoing Activities
One-off sub camp Activities
3. Modules
The 20th World Scout Jamboree will provide a variety of activities as follows:
Global Development Village
Health
Environment
Human Rights
Peace and Intercultural Understanding
City of Science and Technology
Cross Roads Technology
Tournament
Our Heritage
A Day Serving in the Community
Hiking
Water Sports Activities
4. Free-Time Activities
Jamboree Peace Badge
Jamboree Environment Badge
Walk-in Activities
Zoo City
Entertainment
Jamboree Frequency/Amateur Radio
Internet
Scout Badge Exhibition
World Scout Jamboree Exhibition
Scout Philatelic Exhibition
National Exhibition
5. General Activities
Ceremonies and largescale events
Opening Ceremony
New Year Ceremony
Rally for Peace
Closing Ceremony
Religious Programme
Rites
Inter Religious Exhibitions
Media
Jamboree Newspapers
Jamboree Radio and TV
Young Correspondents
6. Programme Publications and Materials
Join-in Jamboree Material
Jamboree Kit
Participants' Handbook
Leaders' Manual
Education Material
Jamboree Bulletin
3.Location
The 20th World Scout Jamboree will take place at Sattahip located in Chonburi Province, 150 kms south of Bangkok, on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand. The area covers about 1,200 hectares and consists of flat plains, foothills and a long white sandy beach, gradually sloping down towards the crystal blue sea which is suitable for water-sports and outdoor activities.
These two shots show Sattahip town. You won't find much information in guide books as most of the area is owned by the Royal Thai Navy. However, many Bangkokians travel here for a long weekend for the quiet town-life and beautiful beaches. The jamboree site is about 10 kms east of the town.
We visited the Jamboree site for the first time in February 2000 with representatives from the World Scout Bureau. They haven't started clearing the site yet, though they are hoping to hold the next Pre-Jamboree Camp there in September 2000.
TRANSPORTATION: The trip from Bangkok International Airport (Don Muang Airport) to the Sattahip Jamboree site can easily be made by bus using the eight lanes Bangna-Trad express way to Chonburi-Bangsaen-Pattaya and Sattahip. The train station is opposite Don Muang Airport. There will be a special train service direct to Plu Taluang Station at Sattahip which is only 15 kms from the camp site. It is also possible to take a direct charter flight overseas to U-Tapao Airport, at only 15 kms from the camp site. Some contingents can travel or send their luggage/equipment by boat to the Laem Chabang deep sea port, also near the camp site.
FACILITIES: The convenient facilities such as supermarkets, cafeteria, post offices, souvenir shops, toilets, first-aid stations and modern hospital will be provided at the Jamboree. Hotel accommodation at moderate price is available nearby.
to Aj.jasper from suravee wattana id 4818008 (after min-term)
I will present thai song ...song named'' love '' by tor but I will present in English
His profile
He study in abac.
he study in Communication Art
ok ... begin the song
Have you ever wanted to say something out loud...
Have you ever felt like what you said wasn't what you thought you would say...
no matter how well you've prepared yourself for it.
As if I am facing the reality...
Although I have tried to say every single thing I wanted to say,
but it's like every other time...
No matter how open I've tried to be,
My voice disappears when it comes to saying that word.
Read at lips when I say: "…… ………," and
I want to say again: "…… ……."
No matter how long it'd be, I will always say the same thing.
Don't you worry that I will love somebody else.
Don't you worry that I will change my mind.
I will be the same, and I will "… …" forever.
I know that sometimes, it might be annoying,
but I will try to say everything straight from my heart.
I'll repeat with the same word, "I love you" and nobody else.
I will present thai song ...song named'' love '' by tor but I will present in English
His profile
He study in abac.
he study in Communication Art
ok ... begin the song
Have you ever wanted to say something out loud...
Have you ever felt like what you said wasn't what you thought you would say...
no matter how well you've prepared yourself for it.
As if I am facing the reality...
Although I have tried to say every single thing I wanted to say,
but it's like every other time...
No matter how open I've tried to be,
My voice disappears when it comes to saying that word.
Read at lips when I say: "…… ………," and
I want to say again: "…… ……."
No matter how long it'd be, I will always say the same thing.
Don't you worry that I will love somebody else.
Don't you worry that I will change my mind.
I will be the same, and I will "… …" forever.
I know that sometimes, it might be annoying,
but I will try to say everything straight from my heart.
I'll repeat with the same word, "I love you" and nobody else.
Saturday, December 30, 2006
to Aj.Jasper from Suravee Wattana id.-4818008
I will present song named "Love makes us blind" by bodyslam
when I listen this song it make me know love can do everything for girlfriend.
Love makes us blindI know it's wrong that I still disturb you.. I'm so sorry.I still love and be well-intentioned though I hav eno right to do this.Bcoz you've already had your boyfriend - the most important one.*It's wrong that I still loving you with all my heart.Though I know it's impossible, I still love you like a man without consciousness.**As someone told, it's like that love makes us blind.So I can't see the reality that who I am and I still wonder that ...why do I stii loving you?I know I should stop my heart but if I can do it easily,...I won't be confusing. Let it over.(*/**)Why do I still loving you with all my heart....?
Next,I will present "Soccer Positions".Soccer is my favorite sport and I want you to know more about this sport.
As with basketball, soccer is a game with players who perform a specific role. A team is comprised of eleven positions. There is one goalkeeper or goalie, and ten others who have to defend attack or take up midfield positions. Each role has a specific set of skills and a specific area to deal with.
Goalie or Goalkeeper It is the goalie’s who has to prevent the opponents from scoring a goal. This person is the only one who can touch the ball with their hands and they can only move within a certain area of the field.
Defenders or Defensive Positions These positions help the goalie prevent opponents from scoring a goal. Like the goalie, they are restricted to a certain area of the field.
*Centerback-the centerbacks try to stop the opponents particularly the strikers of the opposing team from scoring. They try to keep to ball out of the penalty areas.
*Sweepers- sweepers go after anyone from the opposing team who breaks through the defense line. A sweeper should be able to control the ball and pass it well and counter any moves that the attacking team brings.
*Fullback- These players try to prevent the ball from entering the penalty areas Midfielders These players are located between the strikers and the defenders. They try to get the ball from the defenders on the opposing team and pass it to their strikers. This is a position that requires a lot of energy because they have to keep an eye on many things at once. They can be switched from a defensive stance to attacking pose at any time during the game.
*Defensive midfield- the purpose of this role is to get the ball from the attackers on the opposing team
*Attack midfield- these players must try to open avenues for their team to score goals Strikers or Attackers or Forward These team members are located close to the opposing team’s goal. They are the ones who score goals. Another role they play is to try and help others on their team score a goal. Most familiar soccer players are found in this position because they score the most goals.
when I listen this song it make me know love can do everything for girlfriend.
Love makes us blindI know it's wrong that I still disturb you.. I'm so sorry.I still love and be well-intentioned though I hav eno right to do this.Bcoz you've already had your boyfriend - the most important one.*It's wrong that I still loving you with all my heart.Though I know it's impossible, I still love you like a man without consciousness.**As someone told, it's like that love makes us blind.So I can't see the reality that who I am and I still wonder that ...why do I stii loving you?I know I should stop my heart but if I can do it easily,...I won't be confusing. Let it over.(*/**)Why do I still loving you with all my heart....?
Next,I will present "Soccer Positions".Soccer is my favorite sport and I want you to know more about this sport.
As with basketball, soccer is a game with players who perform a specific role. A team is comprised of eleven positions. There is one goalkeeper or goalie, and ten others who have to defend attack or take up midfield positions. Each role has a specific set of skills and a specific area to deal with.
Goalie or Goalkeeper It is the goalie’s who has to prevent the opponents from scoring a goal. This person is the only one who can touch the ball with their hands and they can only move within a certain area of the field.
Defenders or Defensive Positions These positions help the goalie prevent opponents from scoring a goal. Like the goalie, they are restricted to a certain area of the field.
*Centerback-the centerbacks try to stop the opponents particularly the strikers of the opposing team from scoring. They try to keep to ball out of the penalty areas.
*Sweepers- sweepers go after anyone from the opposing team who breaks through the defense line. A sweeper should be able to control the ball and pass it well and counter any moves that the attacking team brings.
*Fullback- These players try to prevent the ball from entering the penalty areas Midfielders These players are located between the strikers and the defenders. They try to get the ball from the defenders on the opposing team and pass it to their strikers. This is a position that requires a lot of energy because they have to keep an eye on many things at once. They can be switched from a defensive stance to attacking pose at any time during the game.
*Defensive midfield- the purpose of this role is to get the ball from the attackers on the opposing team
*Attack midfield- these players must try to open avenues for their team to score goals Strikers or Attackers or Forward These team members are located close to the opposing team’s goal. They are the ones who score goals. Another role they play is to try and help others on their team score a goal. Most familiar soccer players are found in this position because they score the most goals.
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